Trade Policy Lens

India's Strategic Free Trade Agreements

Welcome to WTC Shamshabad's comprehensive FTA Knowledge Hub. This central gateway provides policy intelligence, and strategic insights on India's evolving trade agreement landscape. Each knowledge brief delivers actionable intelligence for policymakers, industry leaders, and trade professionals navigating the complexities of international commerce.

India's Strategic Trade Policy Evolution

India has embarked on an ambitious journey to strengthen its global economic partnerships through a new generation of Free Trade Agreements. Moving beyond traditional goods-focused accords, these comprehensive agreements now encompass services liberalization, investment protection, digital trade frameworks, and sustainable development commitments. This strategic pivot reflects India's vision to integrate deeper into global value chains while safeguarding domestic interests and promoting inclusive growth across sectors.

India–European Union Free Trade Agreement

FTA 2026 Comprehensive
India ↔ European Union (27 Member States)

One of the most significant trade negotiations globally, covering goods, services, investment, intellectual property, and sustainability. Expected to unlock massive trade potential between world's largest democracy and largest trading bloc.

India–Oman Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement

CEPA 2025 Energy & Services
India ↔ Sultanate of Oman

Deepens India's economic engagement with the Gulf region, focusing on energy cooperation, services trade, and facilitating movement of professionals. Enhances India's strategic footprint in the Middle East.

United Kingdom–India Comprehensive Trade Agreement

FTA 2025 Services & Mobility
India ↔ United Kingdom

Post-Brexit flagship agreement enhancing bilateral trade with focus on services liberalization, recognition of professional qualifications, and easing movement of professionals between two Commonwealth partners.

India–New Zealand Free Trade Agreement

FTA 2025 Market Access
India ↔ New Zealand

Comprehensive agreement enhancing two-way trade in agriculture, dairy, education services, and skilled professionals. Eliminates tariffs on majority of goods while addressing technical barriers to trade.

India–EFTA Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement

TEPA 2024 Investment
India ↔ Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein

Landmark agreement bringing $100 billion in investments from EFTA states over 15 years. Focuses on industrial cooperation, innovation partnerships, and sustainable development with strong investment promotion commitments.

India–Uzbekistan Bilateral Investment Treaty

BIT 2024 Investment Protection
India ↔ Uzbekistan

Strategic investment protection framework strengthening economic ties with Central Asia. Provides robust investor protections while balancing regulatory sovereignty, marking India's refined approach to investment treaties.

India–UAE Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement

CEPA 2022 Digital Trade
India ↔ United Arab Emirates

Fast-tracked agreement concluded in record 88 days, covering goods, services, digital trade, and government procurement. Targets $100 billion bilateral trade with focus on gems, jewelry, petroleum, and textiles.

India–Mauritius Comprehensive Economic Cooperation and Partnership Agreement

CECPA 2021 Goods & Services
India ↔ Mauritius

India's first trade agreement with an African nation, covering 310 export items and 90% of tariff lines. Strengthens commercial ties while serving as gateway to African markets through Mauritius.

Strategic Policy Insights

Services-Led Growth Strategy

New generation FTAs prioritize services liberalization, recognizing India's competitive strengths in IT, professional services, and Mode 4 mobility while protecting sensitive sectors.

Investment as Core Pillar

Modern agreements integrate investment promotion and protection frameworks, moving beyond traditional ISDS mechanisms toward balanced investor-state dispute resolution.

Digital Economy Integration

FTAs increasingly incorporate digital trade provisions covering data flows, e-commerce, fintech cooperation, and protection of source code while maintaining data sovereignty.

Sustainability Commitments

Environmental and labor standards are now integral to trade agreements, reflecting global shift toward responsible trade that balances commercial gains with sustainable development.

Navigating India's Trade Future

These agreements represent India's strategic recalibration in global trade architecture. Moving from defensive to proactive engagement, India is crafting partnerships that leverage domestic strengths while addressing competitiveness gaps. For policymakers, these FTAs offer frameworks for regulatory cooperation and standards harmonization. For industry, they unlock preferential market access and investment opportunities. For trade professionals, they demand understanding of complex rules of origin, certification requirements, and dispute resolution mechanisms.

Each agreement in this hub has been analyzed through a rigorous policy lens, examining tariff liberalization schedules, services commitments, investment protections, and implementation challenges. These knowledge briefs serve as essential intelligence for stakeholders navigating India's evolving trade landscape and positioning themselves to capitalize on emerging opportunities.